The Two Types of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

The two types of diabetes causes high blood sugar levels too frequently hence growing the risk of diabetes difficulties. It is very hard to control the two types of diabetes and are characterized by similar symptoms (Floegel, Stefan, Yu, Mühlenbruch, Drogan, Joost, & Roden, 2013). These symptoms include thirsty and drinking a lot of water, urinating frequently, extreme hunger, extreme fatigue, blurred vision, and cuts and sores that hardly heal. The two types of diabetes have a primary test called glycated hemoglobin (AIC), a blood test that checks the average blood sugar in the body for the last three month (American Diabetes Association, 2014).

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Patient of type 1 diabetes does not produce insulin while those of type 2 do not respond to insulin. Type 2 patient later into the disease are unable to make enough insulin. A person living with type 1 diabetes may experience mood changes and deliberately lose weight. Persons living with type 2 diabetes may have unresponsiveness and itchy in their hands or feet (Shah, Langenberg, Rapsomaniki, Denaxas, Rodriguez, Gale, & Hemingway, 2015). Type 1 diabetes develop fast and usually develops in children or in adolescence. With type 2 diabetes symptoms are not easily detected and they may live without knowing until complication are developed (Federation, 2013). Type I diabetes is caused when the immune system attacks the body’s own healthy cells while Type 2 diabetes patient has insulin.

Diet.

This portion will be very dependent on weight, gender, body composition, activity level and the personalized needs of an individual. For type 2 diabetes patients, weight loss is often part of the treatment and a low-calorie diet would be recommended which would translate to low consumption of animal fats and unhealthy food. A healthy plate would include 25% protein, 25% grains, and starchy foods, 50% non-starchy vegetable, fruits and water (American Diabetes Association, 2014).

Treatment.

Monitoring blood sugar through diet, oral medicine or insulin and exercises are the chief treatment. Consistent screening for the tricky situation is also a prerequisite.. Also, the aspect of cost should be considered (Copeland, Silverstein, Moore, Prazar,  Raymer, Shiffman, & Flinn, 2013).The treatment goal is to keep the blood sugar level close to normal to delay and prevent complications related to this lifelong disease. Treatment includes healthy eating, regular blood sugar monitoring, frequent weight check, regular exercises and insulin taking. Insulin can be administered through injection or use of an insulin pump .Meglitinides, and Thiazolidinediones,are additional medication for diabetes type 2. (Herman, Ye, Griffin, Simmons, R. Davies, Khunti, & Brown, 2015)

Complications

Diabetes complication is severe and prolonged with risks that may be adjustable or not adjustable. These complication include skin disease, eye disease, nerve damages, kidney diseases, heart problems and can also cause stroke. (Herman, Ye, Griffin, Simmons, R. Davies, Khunti, & Brown, 2015).

References

American Diabetes Association. (2014). Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes care, 37(Supplement 1), S81-S90.

American Diabetes Association. (2014). Standards of medical care in diabetes—2014. Diabetes Care, 37(Supplement 1), S14-S80.

Copeland, K. C., Silverstein, J., Moore, K. R., Prazar, G. E., Raymer, T., Shiffman, R. N., ... & Flinn, S. K. (2013). Management of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents. Pediatrics, peds-2012.

Federation, I. D. (2013). IDF diabetes atlas. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation.

Floegel, A., Stefan, N., Yu, Z., Mühlenbruch, K., Drogan, D., Joost, H. G., ... & Roden, M. (2013). Identification of serum metabolites associated with risk of type 2 diabetes using a targeted metabolomic approach. Diabetes, 62(2), 639-648.

Herman, W. H., Ye, W., Griffin, S. J., Simmons, R. K., Davies, M. J., Khunti, K., ... & Brown, M. B. (2015). Early detection and treatment of type 2 diabetes reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: a simulation of the results of the Anglo-Danish-Dutch Study of Intensive Treatment in People With Screen-Detected Diabetes in Primary Care (ADDITION-Europe). Diabetes care, dc142459.

Shah, A. D., Langenberg, C., Rapsomaniki, E., Denaxas, S., Pujades-Rodriguez, M., Gale, C. P., ... & Hemingway, H. (2015). Type 2 diabetes and incidence of cardiovascular diseases: a cohort study in 1• 9 million people. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 3(2), 105-113.