The Implementation of Fall Prevention Programs

Article: Factors Influencing the Implementation of Fall-Prevention Programmers: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Qualitative Studies

Thesis

More than one-third of individuals who fall on the yearly basis is above sixty-five years.  Falling can result in a risk of prolonged hospitalization, a decrease in the mortality and worth of life.  Tube prevention and reduction of falls have become a global priority.  To study why the fall prevention programs have not been implemented in the healthcare; research was conducted to identify some of the features that act as facilitators and barrier to the fruitful enactment of the fall prevention programs.  The study also aimed at identifying some of the significant factors hinder the implementation of fall reduction policies with the intention of reducing the number of such incidences in the communities that are inhabited by older individuals.

Background

In the past twenty years, the rising awareness on the adverse consequence of falls has resulted in the formulation of numerous fall prevention programs.  Some of the fall programs initiated by various institutions include surrounding modification and exercise.  The likely effect of such programs is often hampered because of the inappropriate implementation by the various institutions.  Despite the publication of clinical guidelines and randomized controlled trials showing how the programs can be essential, evidence from studies indicates that not much has been implemented in various healthcare organizations.  Because of the fall and fall-related injuries, many accidents continue to be witnessed in the health care instructions.  In the United Kingdom, the fragile fractures that arise from fall account for about 2 billion euros in annual basis (Child et al., 2018).

It has been acknowledged that both clinicians and older people may be required to change the way of working as well as living to embrace and facilitate new behavior and attitudes that may lead to the reduced number of falls (Chaccour, Darazi, El Hassani & Andres, 2017).  For instance, various institutions can be required to integrate evidence-based falls hazard valuation in the daily clinical environment.

Methods of Study

The study laid its focus on the literature search; additionally, the quality review included synthesis and studies using a metaethnagraphic approach based on the Hare and Noblit approaches.  The study also relied on the literature that had been presented by previous researchers that studied older persons view about the rising cases of falling.  The primary reason for the syntheses was to obtain a consensus on the dispute and standard features across different sources to get new findings.  The researcher relied on the electronic databases to locate some of the reliable sources that could act as a source of information.  Only documents that were written the English language were used in the study.  The data abstraction was conducted by the use of two distinct reviewers.  The following details were extracted:  the study findings, the methods of analysis, the current initiatives, method of investigation, sample size, recruitment strategy, population, and the study location setting.  The authors relied on thematic analysis while reading and rereading the papers to identify the issues arising from the researchers.  The authors then developed a coding scheme build on the tabulation comparison and author interpretation to come up with a third-order concept.  The researchers relied on the meta-ethnography to synthesize.

Results

The preliminary search method resulted in 4486 prospective papers after all the repeated ones were eliminated.  Following a thorough review of the studies, only 19 studies were added to the systematic review.  The studies were international: one in New Zealand, one in Norway, two in Denmark, one in Australia, Six in the UK, four in the United States and two in Canada.  Two of the studies entailed participants from some different nations.  Data examination was conducted using a multitude of different methods.  One of the studies relied on the interpretative phenomenological study, two used interview analysis, two employed descriptive content examination, and one study used discourse analysis.  One study used hermeneutic textual analysis, four studies relied on constant comparative analysis (Child et al., 2018).  On study relied on grounded theory and two studied relied on the framework analysis and five studies relied on thematic analysis.

The Results of the Studies

            The evaluation of the articles exposed partial information by which the obstacles to implementing the fall stoppage program had been faced by various firms.  The synthesis of data showed three predominant perceptions: 1) psychosocial 2) adapting for society 3) practice consideration.  The paper revealed that the implementation of the fall prevention in various organizations could be metafictional and complex.  The researcher decided to discuss the individual overarching subtheme and category separately to aid the structure of the methodical assessment.  The authors resorted to discussing some of the practical considerations that have must be considered in the implementation of fall prevention programs: time, access to the intervention and economic factors (costs)

Ethical Consideration

The research observed various ethical considerations when conducting this study.  First, the issue of anonymity and confidentially was closely monitored.  Despite the factors that the researchers relied on an interview the names of the participants were never discussed to protect their privacy.  The invasion of privacy arises when an individual’s personal information such as opinions, attitudes, and beliefs is given to others, without the patient’s accord and knowledge.  The researcher were experts in this field thereby boosting the quality of the findings.  There was a careful choice of the methods of data collection, to ensure reliability and validity of the data collected (Jung, Park & Jung, 2015).

Ways in Which Findings Might Be Used In Nursing

The findings are critical to the healthcare institutions in implementing the most appropriate fall prevention programs.  The effort to come up with the most appropriate methods that will completely eradicate falls requires a thorough review of all the recommendations identified in this study.  The communication between the healthcare provider between the healthcare professionals and older persons can also be improved by understanding the programs that are the most appropriate to the older individuals.  The authors present some of the factors that hinder the implementation of a successful fall prevention programs.  The healthcare units can review their programs that have already been established to come up with the recommendation that will guarantee an efficient system.

Conclusion

The research identified various steps that had been taken by various institutions to reduce the number of falls but acknowledged that there is a substantial methodical challenge that prevents successful implementation of the policies into practice.  The article noted that successful implementation of the fall prevention programs requires organizations, specialists, and individuals to adjust the well-known practices, thoughts, and behavior.  The concerns that have been recognized in this study are crucial when implementing the most successful fall prevention program.

References

Chaccour, K., Darazi, R., El Hassani, A., & Andres, E. (2017). From Fall Detection to Fall Prevention: A Generic Classification of Fall-Related Systems. IEEE Sensors Journal, 17(3), 812-822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2016.2628099

Child, S., Goodwin, V., Garside, R., Jones-Hughes, T., Boddy, K., & Stein, K. (2018). Factors influencing the implementation of fall-prevention programmes: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies. Retrieved 19 January 2018, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3576261/

Jung, J., Park, Y., & Jung, G. (2015). Effects of Long Term Care Hospital Care-givers’ Fall Prevention Self Efficacy and Fall Prevention Health Belief on Fall Prevention Awareness. The Journal Of The Korea Contents Association, 15(2), 333-343. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2015.15.02.333