The Discovery of Dark Matter Essay

The galaxies in the universe appear to be getting the difficult feat. The frequency at which they rotate is high such that it is impossible for gravity to hold matter together. Similarly, maintaining nebula in clusters is not easy, and this phenomenon makes the scientist believe that something invisible is at work. Notably, the researchers think they have to detect a substance which is adding extra weight to the galaxy and making it concrete. This unknown and strange behavior of an object which has mass and occupies space is known as dark matter since its invisible.

How Astronomers Concluded That Dark Matter Existed

Dark matter is an invisible and elusive substance which makes eighty percent of the mass in the entire universe (Begeman, Broeils & Sanders, 2014). This weight comprises of things such as planets, stars, and other items which astronomers can view directly. Current research makes a significant claim that maybe dark matter does not exist, but the scientists are not convinced that the review is accurate (Begeman, Broeils & Sanders, 2014). The hints about the existence of the dark matter emerged as early as the 1930s, but the real discovery of the dark matter took place in 1978 when a prominent astrophysicist Vera Rubin finalized that the laws of the Newtonian alone could not accurately articulate the visible motions of the galaxies. The high rotation of the galaxies will make the stars on their edges to fly away if their gravitational force is visible (Alcock, 2013). Additionally, astronomers estimate that clusters must have six times more weight than what to be observed using verified instruments (Alcock, 2013).  For over four decades now, with high energy, the scientist have now established that primary particles of the mysterious substance exist in the universe.

Suggestions Made To the Identity of Dark Matter

Dark matter makes up about eighty-five percent of the total weight of the universe, and yet the physicist has no concept of what exactly it is (Jungman, Kamionkowski & Griest, 2016). The new hypothesis gets us closer to the real identity of the dark matter since scientist currently suspect that dark issue manifests itself in different forms in its life cycle ranging from ghostly elements in the most prominent system in the universe to the strange fluid state of the secondary particles. The physicians suggest that soon the instruments to confirm the identity of the dark matter will be availed (Nottale, 2013). The idea of the dark matter was proposed for over a century ago since it is a possible object and, therefore, it is not easy to detect it, but its effect is felt in our environment.

The Current Best Model for Dark Matter

The current theory of the gravity explains the curious speed of the stars in the clusters. The new model is called Emergent gravity and forecast the exact deviation of the velocity which is usually described by the invocation of the dark matter (Nottale, 2013). A renowned dean from the University of Amsterdam Prof Erick Verlinde and the Delta Institute for the Theoretical Sciences published an article which expounds the groundbreaking of the nature of the gravity. Additionally, Prof. Verlinde introduced the new theory of the dark matter in 2010 and according to him; the severity is not the primary force of nature, but unique circumstances. Similarly, temperatures rise from the little movement of the particles, and gravity emanates from the adjustments of the critical bits of data kept in the structure of the space-time. The latest system of the dark matter indicates how Newton’s famous second law which explains how apples drop from the satellite and trees remain in orbit and can be obtained from the underlying small building blocks.  The theory explains the curious actions of the stars in the galaxy regardless of the puzzling dark matter. 

The external parts of the galaxy rotate with a high speed around the universe and can be determined by an amount of the regular matter such as interstellar gases, planets, and stars. The physicist suggests the existence of the dark matter because there is something which releases the substantial quantity of the gravitational force. Precisely, dark matter appears to occupy ample space in our universe since it comprises of more than 80 percent of the whole thing (Nottale, 2013). Hitherto, an alleged particle of the dark matter has been seen regardless of the extensive efforts to explore them.  According to the founder of the Emergent gravity, Prof. Verlinde assert that there is no need of adding mysterious of the dark particle to the dark matter of the current model. Moreover, the latest theory of the gravity predicts the frequencies accurately by the stars revolving around the middle of the cluster as well as the speed of stars within another nebula.  Evidently, the current gravity conforms to the observations of the scientist about the existence of the dark matter. Ultimately, the current model of gravity presents similar features as the previous models of the modified Newton Dynamic (MOND) and Mordehai Milgrom of 1983.

How Much Is Dark Matter Believed To Exist In The Universe?

Dark matter is made up of the 68 percent of the mass in the universe, and it appears to be occupied with the vacuum space (Jungman, Kamionkowski & Griest, 2016). Dark matter is shared evenly in the entire universe not only at the time, but also in the area and its influence is not diluted as the earth expands.  The equal distribution of the dark matter is not related to the local gravitational impact, but slightly global control of the universe.  This equitable division of something which has mass and occupies space triggers repulsive energy which accelerates the expansion of the world (Nottale, 2013). The rate at which the globe expands can be estimated through observation by the Hubble law. These estimations together with scientific information, confirms the existence of the dark matter and offer an estimate of how much the mysterious object exists.

Dark matter does not associate with an electromagnetic force just as an ordinary substance. This confirms that it does not emit, reflect, and adsorb light hence making it is impossible to spot. For instance, research infers an existence of the dark matter by the gravitational influence, and it appears to possess the visible thing (Nottale, 2013). The dark matter outweighs the latter by the ratio of 1 to six and making about twenty-seven percent of the universes.  Also, 5 percent of the mass is made up of the galaxies and stars according to the experiments done by the Large Hardon Collider (LHC) (Nottale, 2013). Ultimately, dark matter occupies a large space in the universe.

References

Alcock, C. (2013). Possible gravitational microlensing of a star in the large magellanic cloud. Nature, 365(6447), 621.

Begeman, K. G., Broeils, A. H., & Sanders, R. H. (2014). Extended rotation curves of spiral galaxies: Dark haloes and modified dynamics. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 249(3), 523-537.

Jungman, G., Kamionkowski, M., & Griest, K. (2016). Super symmetric dark matter. Physics Reports, 267(5-6), 195-373.

Nottale, L. (2013). Fractal space-time and microphysics: towards a theory of scale relativity. World Scientific.