results discussion

Table 3 lists the factors that predict parental sideline fury. The results shown in this table give a clear picture of what motivates parents to display angry feelings while watching their children play. In a sample of 773 parents, the findings of an investigation into the triggers of parental fury were as follows: 53 parents expressed rage due to disrespectful opponents, whereas 298 parents demonstrated the absence of incidents that lead to anger originating. The referee calls were the source of the most anger, which was expressed by 146 parents due to their unjust interpretations of the referee calls. Ownership of children’s team play by parents also is a cause of parents rage estimated at 116 in the study because of high expectations that often end up unfulfilled. Hostile remarks and gestures from either players or parents also exhibited sideline rage of 39 parents because of the inappropriateness of the language used. Importantly, just like in normal sports coaches and illegal play always cause sideline rages, and the study documented 36 and26 parent rages respectively. Other events were responsible for 58 times of sideline rage.

Table 4 the result of the research study showcases the frequency of commentaries that can or have a high likelihood of stemming from sideline rage. The result of the study indicates that statements such as “there you go,” ”that is the way” has a high frequency of propagating parents rage which was recorded at 767 frequency or 31.3 percent. The statements are viewed as excessive commentaries that often compel children involved in sports of what to do. Since the child will tend to adhere strictly to parents advice or the coaching advice from the sidelines leads into stress that is emanated in the form of a rage. In this case, rage seems to set in because the ability of learning is taken away because the sports participant is commanded what to do. In the event, the sports participant fails to adhere to directives of the sideline commentaries from parents, rage sets in because most are the time the parents would sense defiance or rebel.

Table 5 showcases the frequency of the type of commentaries that often result in parent’s sideline rage. According to the undertaken study, statements such as ”get in there and get the ball” or ”follow through” registered a frequency of 687. The research study documents that approximate 687 times statements appeared on the sidelines. The commentaries emanate because of parents becoming too much involved in their children sports and they often issue statements that are supposed to motivate the sport’s participants or create pressure towards registering the desired performance. Through this, parent’s sideline rage results when the player is unable to follow the directives that often lead to stress and frustration.

In table 6, the result indicates instances parents have opted for showcasing negative statements and comments. In this case, the research study documents case booing and inattentiveness. The result of the study further indicates that comments such as ”hustle,” ”come on” or ”you can do it” had a frequency of 500 times equivalent to 20.4 percent. Under this case, negative parent behavior is showcased because of there seems to be an absence of sportsmanship support that is normally demonstrated by positive comments rather than booing that often results into frustrations and negative emotions from players and the parents.

Table 7 represents comments made by parents to other parents that accounts for negative behavior. The result from the study indicates that comments such as ” I came to watch my child” registered a frequency of 114 times accounting for 4.7 percent of the total population. In this case, do parents come to watch their children play or do they show up to offer support or motivation? As showcased in table 7, statements such as ”I came to watch my child” can be classified as selfish because it is not only one child who is involved in the sporting event. Instead, the parents ought to embrace the spirit of teamwork that often works for the benefit of individual child rather than maintaining a personal ground that is directed to a specific child.

Table 8 represents results of the study encompassing comments and statements that do not fit into any category but accounts for negative parent’s behavior along the sidelines. The result of the study further indicates that unclassified statements and comments accounted for 210 times equivalent to 8.7 percent. The unclassified comments according to the findings of the study encompass verbal reactions of parents during sports events that are responses to their children performances. For instance, cursing by parents during as a reaction accounts for a negative behavior that often leads to displaying of negative emotions by other parents or the players. The finding of the research study indicates that a parent overemphasizes on winning an aspect that displays negative parental behavior. For example, in the instances where the desired result is not achieved, there are often cases of frustrations and stress on both the parents and players because of putting too much emphasis on winning.

Table 9 presents findings on the direction of negative comments and statements. The result indicates a frequency of 84 times that accounts for 3.4 percent. Negative comments emanating from parents as indicated by the research study is directed to both the supporting child and the opponent. Example of these statements includes ”do not knock it out” or ”suck it up.” The finding further indicates that such statements often end up affecting the players’ emotions. Moreover, most players indicated that they preferred their parents maintaining silence instead of uttering hurtful statements that often affects their performance. Table 10 further indicates that most comments from sideline stand are often directed to players of the same team played by a child or a specific player in the team. The highest number of comments is directed towards a specific team athlete, followed by the team, other parents, self, spectators, officials, opposing team and coach respectively. Thus, it can be argued that negative comments have a high tendency of affecting a specific player and the team in general.

Table 11 indicates the result finding of sportsmanship from the parent. The pilot study indicated that STAR module could positively impact the parent attachment of supporting their children sports endeavors. The finding from table 12 focuses on the effects of sportsmanship education module on a parent’s self-perception. The interpretation of the result is that the STAR module can educate parents on sportsmanship concepts especially on children and youth games. The aim is to eliminate negative behavior depicted by parents on the sidelines that ends up impacting the performance of the players negatively.