Nursing Care Model

The nursing model was developed in the early 1970s, and these tools were utilized to provide assistance in the education of nurses. Nursing models were initially designed to explain the components of nursing so that they could be easily comprehended. But, these models now give more than this, including professionalism, teaching pedagogy, and improved nursing care quality. Furthermore, the models attempt to ensure not just the safety of employees but also their happiness. As a result, all nursing models contain responsibility, autonomy, and accountability to ensure that higher integrity and professionalism are prioritized while administering the nursing service. This paper will, therefore, discuss the health care setting identified after an earthquake in China through the use of Marco healthcare facility. It will include a detail description of the model depicted in the setting (Finkelman, 2016). It will further discuss a different model that can be used for the facility set up and finally recommend a suitable or new paradigm for the setting that would factor in quality, safety for all, and staff satisfaction. The paper will conclude with the relevance of the information obtained from the models.

Marco Healthcare facility

The nursing model observed in Marco health care facility is team nursing. The team nursing can be attributed to the shortage of nurses as indicated from overtime payment incentive. The payment is to encourage more nurses to overstay in the hospital in a bid to suppress the overwhelming admissions. The number is further cut down as some nurses are working on mobile health facilities to cater for increased casualty as a consequence of earth quake calamity.

The nursing system consists of a team of nurses who provide an overall care for all patients admitted to the hospital for the eight-hour shift that they are available. Doctor Sarah Williams acts as the team leader for the shift and is responsible for coordinating the team. She receives information and instruction from the health care providers, and physicians then make decisions. All decisions implemented by the team come from her. The team is made up of vocational nurses, UAP, and a registered nurse (Finkelman, 2016). At the beginning of the shift, Doctor Sarah Williams meets with the rest of the team at the nursing conference room, discuss what should be done, and allocates responsibilities for the team nurses. Throughout the shift, she monitors the performance of the nurses to ensure that they comprehensively accomplish the assigned tasks. The above illustration provides the structure of the management of the Marco Healthcare at a glance.

Although the model is majorly patient centered, greater benefits are also accrued to the health care providers. The teamwork is not only for creating a workforce responsive to the health needs of the patient but also help develop the scope of their expertise in the field which is better accomplished through better and efficient communication accompanied by fair compensation. There is also a relatively clear channel of communication from the junior nurses all the way to the senior most. As noted by Johansson, P., Lundström, K., &Heiwe, S. (2015), communication is an essential tool in nursing as it initiates inter-professionalism collaboration. It shows that professionals are ready to work together as well as creating an effective and efficient inter-professional care (Finkelman, 2016). The model will, therefore, be suitable for this setting so that the quality of the care provided is improved, patients are satisfied, safety is guaranteed, and that the staff is also satisfied. This is assured since the model incorporates different professionals in the setting as they gain more experience as well as job satisfaction as witnessed by the low staff turnover.

Articles review

Ferguson &Cioffi (2013). Team nursing: Nursing Managers in acute care settings. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28(4), 5-11.

Team nursing (TN) entails allocation of patients to small groups of registered nurses supervised by a senior nurse who is the team leader. The study objectives included evaluation of the management through the use of observation and administration of questionnaires among the managers. The general opinion of the junior staff on their experiences with the directorate was also orally administered. The study found out that communication is one of the major factors that ought to be considered in this system. Usually, in team nursing, there should be a direct supervision from a qualified staff for efficiency in operations and services. The model has resulted in an improved professional relationship among members. The research also showed that the major constraint in the model was cultural diversity that limits the free flow of information in the organization set up. Team nursing is, therefore, a suitable model and can fit into today’s dynamic health care environment. Team nursing requires a vigorous and competent leadership and communication skills so that an effective and efficient team is built with the intent of delivering the best standard of healthcare. The findings from this source emphasize on having a proper structure in planning and having the clear picture the team nursing model.

Zimbudzi, E. (2013). Discovering the untapped benefits of team nursing in an acute hemodialysis unit of a major teaching hospital. Nursing Education and Practice journal, 3(8), 149

The article focused on analyzing whether few nurses working together can achieve what many nurses can do while working independently. The study methods involved administration of questionnaires followed by the use of descriptive statistics in the analysis of the survey variants. The study concluded that majority of the staff were able to identify their patients, an increased awareness of the patients’ whereabouts, and their needs were reviewed within a shorter time. Staff morale is also improved, and therefore there was job satisfaction, improvement in the quality of patient service and satisfaction. The research also showed that the major constraint in the model was a communication barrier. Team nursing is, therefore, a suitable model and can fit into today’s dynamic health care environment. Nurse Managers acknowledges that team nursing has gain s for both the staff and the patients. Nurses with different skills and experiences can provide safe and satisfactory services to patients. In this model, the team leader facilitates for the execution of all roles and therefore necessitates staff growth, support, and development.

A major point that is mentioned in passing in the article is the primary nursing model that strives to cut off risk factors and reduce disease progression. It involves the primary nurse, usually the registered nurse, providing direct care for the patient and family while an associate nurse guides the primary nurse practitioners according to the plan that the registered nurse has developed. The primary nurse practitioner develops a detailed plan for all the patients under his care and attends to all his patients while on duty. The models represent ultimate accountability as the primary nurse is the only person that is liable to the patient’s care arrangements. The model aims at reduction in fragmentation of healthcare. The primary care nurse takes the responsibility of educating the patient.

Recommendations

In order to curb the inefficiency in the team nursing model practiced by the Marco facility, there is greater urgency for the facility to incorporate the new Inter-professional model. The model takes into consideration communication, cooperation, and integration to ensure there is accountability, autonomy, and responsibility in the nursing (Finkelman, 2016). It is an improvement of team nursing as it ensures that it is an organization that is involved in addressing the needs of the patient to make it an exclusive patient-based organization. The model integrates different values and ethics for interprofessional practice, roles and responsibilities for each health giver, professional, inter-professional communication, and teamwork to ensure that proper care is provided.

Adherence to the set work ethics will in the short and long run standardize the care provided that will also enhance the image of the organization. A health facility whose reputation is beyond reproach will attract more patients as well as more highly specialized labor since the massive finance base will leverage on economic uncertainties that might creep in.

Moreover, there is no boundary on the roles of the leader nurse and the physicians, and skills cannot be easily learned as there is minimal interaction between the nurses. Staff constraints demonstrated by the huge high nurse- patient ratio of registered nurses to act as primary nurses strains the resource base of the facility. Further, it recommends the new Inter-professional practice model which incorporates different values and ethics for interprofessional practice, roles and responsibilities for each health giver professional, inter-professional communication, and teamwork to ensure that proper care is provided (Zimbudzi, 2013). Although patient based, the model guarantees the quality of the care provided is improved, patients are satisfied, safety is ensured, and that the staff is also satisfied since it incorporates different professionals in the setting.

Adoption of mobile clinics was also a greater idea to deliver healthcare needs in such natural calamities. On the same note, the mobile clinic initiative should not be applied only in occurrences of accidents. However, there is need to extrapolate the benefits all the time to reach the socioeconomic disadvantages. The facility would have accessed more market. The cost will reduce as casualties will be served at their conveniences reducing administration expenses (Finkelman, 2016).

Summary and Conclusion

This document discusses the team nursing model observed in Marco hospital. It describes the various elements exhibited in the model as observed. The paper, further, outlines the roles and responsibilities of the leader nurse in a team. It illustrates the characteristics of the model, a single authority model where decisions are made by the head nurse who also assigns duties to the different team members. The major limitation outlined by this model is poor communication in the team. It explicitly talks about the primary nursing system, a system in which a patient is assigned to a registered nurse responsible for the medical welfare of the patient. The primary care nurse develops structured plan to be used by the patient as well as an assistant nurse in case she is out of duty (Johansson et.al, 2015). With an effective and efficient communication channels, proper coordination and cooperation between the members of the staff which in the long run will enhance time wastage and absenteeism will be the resultant effect.

References

Ferguson &Cioffi, J. (2013). Team nursing: experiences of nurse managers in acute care settings. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28(4), 5-11.

Finkelman, A. (2016). Leadership and Management for Nurses: Core Competencies for Quality Care, 3rd Edition. Pages 111-116.

Johansson, P., Lundström, K., &Heiwe, S. (2015). The primary nursing care delivery system within a haemodialysis context–experiences of haemodialysis primary nurses in Sweden. Clinical Nursing Studies, 3(4), 7.

Role of the Primary Nurse. (2017). Work.chron.com. Retrieved3 August 2017, from http://work.chron.com/role-primary-nurse-15191.html

Zimbudzi, E. (2013). Discovering the untapped benefits of team nursing in an acute haemodialysis unit of a major teaching hospital. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 3(8), 149.