Memphis’s public transportation system and hospital are under attack.

A disaster is a foreseen event that has a significant negative impact on the physical environment and on mankind; it might be the consequence of a natural disaster or a purposeful criminal attack. In most cases, disasters result in huge loss of life or property destruction (Kang, Oh, Kim, & Sim, 2016). At all times, the people should be adequately prepared for any type of crisis. The level of preparedness is crucial in reducing the potential impact in the event that the threat happens. Disaster preparedness will differ from one setup to the next depending on the type of threat expected (Stimson, 2016).  Disasters can take many forms such as fires,floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, and hurricanes. In the recent past and the history of theU.S, there has been several hurricanes,earthquakes, and landslides which destroy road and communication networks. Apart from these, possible terrorists attacks could present a great disaster to the city hence the need to adopt proper planning to mitigate these disasters(Stimson, 2016).

Memphis is a city in the South West part of the United States of America; it is located on the Mississippi River (Spentzas, 2016). The location of Memphis City makes it vulnerable to attacks; the fact that it is found alongMississippiRiver which is one of the major rivers in the North America it can be prone to unconventional attacks (Spentzas, 2016). Public Transit in Memphis has taken on many forms:horse-drawn carriers, trains, electricstreetcars, cars, buses, and subways. While rail-based transit has longbeen available in the nation’s largestcities, it has begun to gain attentionin medium-sized cities (Stimson, 2016).

Public transportation is usuallyadministered by a transit authority oragency that establishes routes, fares,and schedules.

Safety measures that should be put in place to prevent unconventional attacks should begin from the basic procedures like using metal detectors and scanners to screenpassengers as they abord any transit system this will counter suicide bombers and the use of explosives.Security check should be carried out inside the buses as well before travelers get in (Kang, Oh, Kim & Sim, 2016). Focusing on the city transist system, the security measures that I would recommend would revolve around;

Preparedness: In this case, it would be recommended to the state and local authorities to set aside enough resources to help in the course of mitigation. This would also cover availability of professional advice on disaster management. More importantly, safety measures within the transist system like emergency sections should be available from the onset. More importantly, I would advocate for the need of specific insurance covers that also takes care of the third parties. Insurance coveras will play critical role in the recovery plan after the peril (Hagar, 2016).

Response: Strategies under this step will involve actions to be taken on the event of an attack. Firstly, the response should be rapid based on the need to save lives. A policy that informs the need of embracing initial rapid response that is solely geared towards saving lives should be adopted. There will be need for definite emergency procedures that are all geared towards reducing the impact of the disaster (Cooper, Schulz, Skipper & Dean, 2017).

Recovery plan: A well organized revcovery plan should be spelt out top help victims of the disaster and the system as a whole recover. In the event of trauma resulting from disasters, psychological therapies should be put in place to help individuals achieve mental stability. Secondly, in the event of destruction and loss of personnal items, an existing kitty should take care of reistating individuals back to their original financial position.

Mitigation: Finally, I would embark on action plans to avoid realization of disasters apart vfrom reducing their impacts.

Proper Training& Equipment

The training prograsm should be based on the principlre that there is need for the public to be informed on measures to adopt in helping to mitigate disasters. Training prograsm should be tailored to blend the most probable disaster that the city could be facing (Kang, Oh, Kim, & Sim, 2016). The security personnel charged with the responsibility of carrying out the security details should be given proper training very detailed to the letter and with the state of the art equipment they should as well be trained by the very best trainers (Brayne, 2017). In my capacity as part of the planning team, I would put in place ready information to the public regarding mitigation of any possible disaster. Again, adoption of improved communication network in the public sector would help improve the response system. Effective communication will make it possible for key inteligence information to be relayed to security teams hence improved response (Kang, Oh, Kim & Sim, 2016).

Intelligence Services

National Intelligence issupposed to carry out thorough Investigations on those suspected to be criminals both the tourists and the locals to limit chances of harboring criminals. The security officers are supposed to be in a position to rescue persons taken on hostage as well as those who may be abducted (Maddock, 2016).

Use of CCTV Cameras

Cameras should be installed in all Public Service Transits which should be monitored from a central point. This should apply to rail, road, water and air.There should be constant patrol both on water and on air which should be sponsored by the state (Kang, Oh, Kim & Sim, 2016).

ISIS is a terrorist cell that in the recent past has attacked several cities and states in various parts of the world and have claimed responsibility for the attacks. Terrorism is an international threat because majority of countries have been affected by terrorism activities.Terrorism has adverse effect to all aspects of growth to a country. Economically, it leads to loss of lives, business premises and various infrastructures that took several years and a lot of monetary resources to put up (Thomas, Rohner & Edwards, 2016). Civilians and foreign investors become very skeptical to invest again. Huge losses are also incurred in the airline sector to travel cancellations and bans on the affected country (Hagar, 2016).

Politically, it forces governmentsto tighten their border security and immigration clearance it also engages in counter-terrorism legislation which often infringes on people’s rights and privacy (Schwarzer, 2016). Terrorists’ ideologies lead to radicalization of a country’s youthful population and corrupt their way of thinking.Unemployed youthsare thus lured into terrorist activities by promises of hefty pay (Schwarzer, 2016).

Federal Resources that can be put in place to prevent attacks by terrorists include;

Regular Patrol by Defense forces; air, land and water bodies should regularly be patrolled to limit any chances of ambush attacks

Beefing up border security; immigration officers at the entry points should be more strict with entry procedures, checking security passes to ensure that they are valid.

Curbing Cyber Crime; terrorists constantly communicate online thus their communications should always be taken seriously, and they are tracked before they attack

Empowering Youths; this can be done by creating jobs for the youths so that they are constantly engaged and don’t bow to the ideas of terrorists.

Job creation; employment is the only way to solve the problem of youth radicalization; this ensures that terrorist cannot take advantage of people’s poverty situation to recruit them (Kang, Oh, Kim, & Sim, 2016).

If an ISIS cell attacks an hospital, the government should instantly deploy soldiers to manage the facility and assume rescueoperation; ambulances should to at the standby to transfer patients to the nearest hospitals,helicopters need to be in place as well to airlift critically injured patients as well to other hospitals (Thomas, Rohner & Edwards, 2016). Red cross services should be in place to carry out first aid services to the victims of the attack and to offer to counsel to the colleagues, and relatives of the victims (Kang, Oh, Kim, & Sim, 2016).

In conclusion, it should be noted that as much as naturalcatastrophes cannot be stopped, measures can be put in place to prevent damages that may occur.Sensors can be putin place that detects the magnitude of the earthquakes so that the inhabitants of the area can be asked to relocate to other places to prevent loss of life (Thomas, Rohner & Edwards, 2016).All governments should pull up there resources and muscle up together to fight terrorism because it is a universal threat.

Terrorist atatck is a security threat that should be approached strategically. There will be need for multiagency apaproach in preeventing possible atatcks as well as reducing the impact of the attcks. In summary, disasters of different nature are common within the publioc domain hence the need for every government at both local and state level to embrace prior plans and professional expertise for mitigation (Cimellaro, 2016).

References

Adjetey-Bahun, K., Birregah, B., Châtelet, E., & Planchet, J. L. (2016). A model to quantify the resilience of mass railway transportation systems. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 153, 1-14.

Brayne, C. (2017). Mitigation of disasters through community cohesion. The Lancet Planetary Health, 1(3), e86-e87.

Cimellaro, G. P. (2016). PEOPLES Resilience Framework. In Urban Resilience for Emergency Response and Recovery (pp. 109-137). Springer International Publishing.

Cooper, J., Schulz, R., Skipper, M., & Dean, K. (2017). Regionalism Panel Discussion. Belmont L. Rev., 4, 139.

Hagar, C. (2016). Strengthening community resilience efforts in disasters: exploring the roles of public libraries. Journal of emergency management, 13(3), 191-194.

Hu, S., Leblanc, A. F., Gibson, A. A., Hong, K. W., Kim, J. Y., Janke, L. J., ... & Sweet, D. H. (2017). Identification of OAT1/OAT3 as Contributors to Cisplatin Toxicity. Clinical and Translational Science, 10(5), 412-420.

Kang, M., Oh, K., Kim, W., & Sim, O. (2016). A Study on Build the Frame of the Coastal Cities Flood Vulnerability Assessment Management System. Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 16(2), 197-204.

Maddock, N. (2016). Reducing future risk starts now: Integrated planning could hold the key to Australia’s mitigation of disasters. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, The, 31(4), 6.

Schwarzer, M. (2016). Downtown: A Short History of American Urban Exceptionalism. Places Journal.

Stimson, C. J. (2016). Hospital Risk Management and the US Legal System: An Introduction to US Medical Malpractice Tort Law. In Risk Management in Medicine (pp. 69-76). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Thomas, S. N., Rohner, N. A., & Edwards, E. E. (2016). Implications of lymphatic transport to lymph nodes in immunity and immunotherapy. Annual review of biomedical engineering, 18, 207-233.

Spentzas, T. (2016). Intracranial Pressure: Is It a Threshold or a Measure?. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 17(10), 1020.