Instructor:

The male reproductive system is well-organized, with three main components that control how it works. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are two main components of the functioning of the hormonally regulated mechanism.

The hypothalamus releases luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) into the bloodstream in bursts into the channels connecting the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus. When the pituitary gland receives impulse signals from the LHRH, gonadotropins such as stimulating follicle hormone are produced and released into the circulatory system. The production of testosterone from the Leydig cells gets stimulated by luteinizing hormone one of the major proteins (Warren, 284). The follical stimulating hormone enhances maturation of the sperms in the epididymis. Once testosterone is released, it is circulated via the blood vessels and then circulates back to hypothalamic- pituitary unit to control the secretion of Leutenizing hormone releasing hormone and leutenizing hormone.

Testes and alcohol

The reduction in the levels of hypothalamic is associated with exposure to alcohol either acute or chronic. Alcohol consumption prohibits the secretion of testosterone. There are different mechanisms that bring about sexual dysfunction leading to the impaired production of sperms.

Opioids

They are molecular massagers produced in the testes and are responsible for testosterone synthesis suppression. As a result of alcohol use the levels of beta-endorphin opioids increases, hence testosterone reduction.

Nitric oxide

This gas leads to vasodilation. Alcohol consumption increases the levels of this gas hence reduced testosterone production.

Oxidation

Alcohol oxidation is not a foreign process in human body. It results in the production of oxidants that have a potential to cause cell death in the testes (Warren, 284). Although, the consumption of alcohol results in an increased oxidation increasing free radicals in the testes hence reduced testosterone production.

Intense exercise effects on female reproductive system

Exercising is one of the major activities that help in maintaining proper body condition. Even though, exposure to extreme exercise has risk association with, most of the female, there are impact and stress on the various female organs and systems including the reproductive system. Most of the effects the female experience is related to gonadotropin releasing hormone and the dysfunction of the hypothalamic.

Effects

Altered pubertal progression and delayed menarche

There are effects related to prolong in the pre-pubertal state as a result of training at the adolescent stage (Warren, 7). The activity level during the teenage stage leads to the onset of menarche and development of pubertal progression. The pubertal progression initiates the occurrence of menses during the relative inactivity periods. The loss of energy during the adolescence stage may be associated with the delayed menarche and pubertal progression.

Amenorrhea

Although there is an increased suppression of luteinizing hormone than in follicle stimulating hormone Most of the female especially the athlete has a reversed gonadotropin patter into a premenarchial pattern that leads to the development of amenorrhea (Warren, 5). During the rest period, the reversion process occurs. This explains the relationship that exists between menses discontinuation and the level of the activity.

Infertility

Most of the athletes have a more significant oligomenorrhea and anovulation during lethal phase inadequacy incidence. Many of athletes have a hidden case of suffering menstrual irregularities reading to increased instances of infertility.

It is true that most of the female exposed to exercises are liable for the many issues related to their reproductive system, as evidenced by the many problems that female athletes encounter.

Work Cited

Warren,, Mary Ann, and Nicholas Emanuele. “Alcohol and the male reproductive system.” Alcohol Research and Health25.4 (2001): 282-287.

Warren, M. P., and N. E. Perlroth. “The effects of intense exercise on the female reproductive system.” Journal of endocrinology 170.1 (2001): 3-11.