Insomnia is identified a sleeping disorder

Other factors like the environmental factors like noise, light, and extreme temperatures are also seen to affect them. At times it can just occur independently without being triggered by another problem. Insomnia also leads to life-threatening conditions such as heart failure, psychological stress, hyperthyroidism, chronic pain, menopause, heartburn, and restless leg syndrome. The condition is also known to have a different effect like difficulty in falling asleep, waking up in the middle of the night then having trouble going back to sleep, waking up very early in the morning, and feeling tired when one wakes up.
Sufficiency of GABA
Insomnia can be explained as a reduction in the levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter (gamma-amino butyric acid). An insomniac patient has 25 to 30 percent less gamma-amino butyric acid in their brains unlike normal sleepers (Allen Brodsky, 2011). The inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid is supposed to help the brain regions in shutting down by reducing electrical activity. Insufficient GABA will cause anxiety in people and at times epileptic seizures. So when the levels of GABA decreases, the electric activity in the brain are unable to cut thus making the brain regions unable to shut down which will lead to problems like falling asleep. Sleeping pills are usually prescribed of insomniacs so as to help the nerve receptors to link to the brain chemicals more efficiently. Raising the levels of GABA through GABA receptors will provide relief for those suffering from insomnia. The GABA receptors basically in two forms; GABA receptor A and receptor B. GABA-A is the most important receptor in regards to sleep. The receptors are used to turn on sleep and promote the areas of the brain and inhibit the arousal areas. Binding GABA to a GABA-A receptor will trigger the release of chloride ions in the neuron (William T blows, 2014). When the chloride ions are released, the neuron will cause a negative potential that will inhibit the firing of new action potentials. GABA will then be able to reduce the activity of the brain cells through the GABA-A receptors.
Neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid.
The GABA-A Receptors
Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates are drugs that act as GABA-A receptors. A natural compound called theanine which is found in green tea, and a derivative of cysteine called taurine can also activate GABA-A receptors (C. Marescaux & M. Vergnes, 2013). Symptoms related to low levels of the gamma-amino butyric acid include depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and panic disorder, being drug and alcohol dependence. The inhibitory neurotransmitter is meant to calm and relax the body so when there is an imbalance between stimulatory and inhibitory, there will be an onset of insomnia. If one’s body is unable to produce enough inhibitory brain messengers to balance out the stimulatory brain messengers, one will not be able to get a good night sleep. Insomnia can cause a range of anatomic changes on the cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, and nervous systems. The effects include:
Diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance
Anxiety symptoms
Alcohol use
Obesity in children and adults
Cardiovascular disease and hypertension
Depressed mood
Many of the studies have found that the greater the degree of sleep deprivation the greater the adverse effects that will be experienced (Schor Donna & Nina F, 2011). There is a very high relationship between sleeping less and sleep loss with obesity. When the neurotransmitter levels are low, it results in difficulty in sleeping less which will leave a person fatigued. When the body is tired, it causes health problems like obesity, depressed mood, and diabetes because one will have the need to use sugar to give them energy throughout the day. However, when sugar is used, it triggers the stimulatory hormones which will result in a lack of sleep during the night.
Causes of Insomnia
Insomnia usually results from the interaction of biological, physical, psychological, and environmental factors. Persons who have insomnia will have high rates of depression, anxiety, and increased glucose consumption when they are awake to sleeping time. High scores arousal are usually felt when the electroencephalographic beta activity when they are about to sleep. These behaviors will lead to small inhibitory brain chemical and stimulatory brain chemicals, which hinder the reduction of electric activity in the brain during the night especially when one uses a lot of glucose.
Conclusion
Insomnia is a twenty-four-hour hyperarousal state and just not sleep loss. Insomniacs are usually not sleepier during the day but have high levels frequency of EEG rhythm during sleep. They have elevated brain metabolism while sleeping and it decreases during wakefulness. Insomnia is frequently associated with depression, but these two disorders have different pathophysiology. There are several psychological factors which lead to the onset of insomnia like stressful events, age-related sleep homeostasis weakening mechanism, anxious ruminative personality traits and biological diathesis of CNS hyperarousal. The therapeutic method for curing insomnia should focus on reducing psychological and emotional hyperarousal so as to ensure that one can get enough sleep.

References
Blows, W. T. (2014). The Biological Basis of Mental Health Nursing. Routledge Publishers.
Brodsky, A. (2011). A Guide to Causes of people Living with Insomnia: Effects, and Management, with Personal Accounts. McFarland publishers.
Schor, D. M. (2011). Swaiman’s Pediatric Neurology - E-Book: Principles and Practice. Kansaas: Elsevier Health Sciences.
Vergnes, C. M. (2013). Generalized Non-Convulsive Epilepsy: Focus on GABA-B Receptors. Springer Science & Business Media.